12-24 Months
Newborn babies are thought not to understand what is happening: more...
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Toddlers (2T- 4T)
Watches Parent face when being talked to, average 6 weeks (range 4 - 8 weeks);
6 – 9 months
Knows Familiar people and starts to withdraw from stranger;
Begins to turn around when name is called;
Starts to become anxious if primary care giver is out of sight;
Stretches arms to be picked up;
Initiates gestures such as cough, poking out tongue;
Cognitive / Creative
Creative development could very well be seen as how the child learns in its environment through experimenting in different ways of doing everything. 6-9 months
Looks for fallen objects by 7 months;
Plays ‘peek-a-boo’ games;
Cannot understand “no†or “Dangerâ€;
8-12 months
Watches people, objects, and activities in the immediate environment.;
Shows awareness of distant objects (15 to 20 feet away) by pointing at them.;
Responds to hearing tests (voice localization); however, loses interest quickly and, therefore, may be difficult to test informally.;
Follows simple instructions.;
Reaches for toys that are out of reach but visible;
Recognizes objects in reverse;
Drops thing intentionally and repeats and watches object;
Imitates activities like playing drum;
1-4 months=
Physical
Average length is 50.8-68.6 cm grows approximately 2.54 cm per month.;
Weighs an average of 3.6-7.3 kg;
Gains approximately 0.11-0.22 kg per week.;
Respiration rate is approximately thirty to forty breaths per minute.;
Normal body temperature ranges from 35.7-37.5°C.;
Head and chest circumference are nearly equal.;
Head circumference increases approximately 1.9 cm per month until two months, then increases 1.6 cm per month until four months. Increases are an important indication of continued brain growth.;
Continues to breathe using abdominal muscles.;
Posterior fontanel closes by the second month.;
Anterior fontanel closes to approximately 1/2 inch (1.3 cm).;
Skin remains sensitive and easily irritated.;
Legs may appear slightly bowed.;
Cries with tears.;
Eyes begin moving together in unison (binocular vision).;
Motor Development
Rooting and sucking reflexes are well developed.;
Swallowing reflex and tongue movements are still immature; continued drooling and inability to move food to the back of the mouth.;
Grasp reflex gradually disappears.;
Landau reflex appears near the middle of this period; when baby is held in a prone (face down) position, the head is held upright and legs are fully extended.;
Grasps with entire hand; strength insufficient to hold items. Holds hands in an open or semi-open position.;
Muscle strength and control improving; early movements are large and jerky; gradually become smoother and more purposeful.;
Raises head and upper body on arms when in a prone position.;
Turns head side to side when in a supine (face up) position; near the end of this period can hold head up and in line with the body.;
Upper body parts are more active: clasps hands above face, waves arms about, reaches for objects.;
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